Autism Spectrum Disorder FAQs

Of all of the autism spectrum disorder FAQs, this question is one of the most common. The term “autism spectrum disorder,” which often gets shortened to ASD, represents a variety of brain disorders. These conditions are characterized by the impaired ability to communicate and interact with other people, which leads to restricted behavior patterns. Autism spectrum disorders share several common features and origins, but their severity varies from one person to the next.

Because autism is a spectrum disorder, the symptoms vary from person to person. One person can have a mild form of autism, while another can have a more severe type. Furthermore, you may see symptoms appear from birth. However, another may see the symptoms develop when the child is between the ages of 12 to 36 months old. The symptoms of autism spectrum disorders may include:

• Difficulty with social interactions: Many children with ASD may struggle to interact with others socially. They may not be able to read social cues and may avoid eye contact with others. Furthermore, they may find it difficult to control their emotions, causing them to be aggressive and disruptive. 
• Challenges with communication: This is an area that may vary from person to person. Many people with autism may have good language skills, but find it difficult to start conversations or keep them going. Other people may experience language delays or regression. Furthermore, they may find it difficult to express their wants or needs. 
• Repetitive behaviors: Many people with autism may find that the condition causes their behavior patterns to be restricted or repetitive. For instance, a child may need their toys arranged in a specific fashion, instead of playing with them. They may also repeatedly perform odd motions or desire consistency in their environment.
• Unusual interests or abilities: Autism may provide your child with extraordinary abilities. For instance, they may be able to draw well, memorize long lists of items, or play an instrument without any training.

There are several types of autism spectrum disorders. One of the most common is autistic disorder or autism. This condition significantly impairs your child’s ability to communicate and interact with others. 

Another form of autism spectrum disorder is Asperger’s Syndrome. This is a milder form, where the child can communicate more and has an average intellectual ability. However, they may not be interested in social communication. 

Other forms of autism spectrum disorder include pervasive development disorder not otherwise specified, or PDDNOS, childhood disintegrative disorder, or CDD, and Rett’s Syndrome. Those with PDDNOS have symptoms similar to those of autism. However, they do not meet all of the criteria for an official diagnosis. Children with CDD develop normally during their first couple of years of life. However, once they reach the age of 3 or 4, they may begin to regress, losing the skills they gained in language, socialness, intelligence, or motor control. Conversely, those with Rett’s Syndrome develop symptoms between 6 and 18 months of age. These children do not seek social contact, may not talk, and regress in social skills.

To date, there is no clear biological testing available for autism spectrum disorders. However, a doctor or psychologist can give your child the appropriate diagnosis as early as 18 months of age, using factors including:

• Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)
• Autism Diagnostic Inventory-Revised (ADI-R)
• Autism Behavioral Checklist (ABC)
• Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)

Most researchers believe that a combination of environmental, biological, and genetic factors cause autism spectrum disorders. Many researchers believe several specific genes contribute to the development of ASDs. Furthermore, some researchers believe certain structural abnormalities, including genetic and environmental causes, can lead to autism spectrum disorders.